Special Populationson the young gifted child books

Gifted Lifes is a book which includes extended research on 20 outstandingly talented people in Britain that the writer has followed for 35 old ages since they were kids, diversely aged five to 14 when she started, possessing a scope in countries of giftedness. The writer is Joan Freeman, a distinguished and lifetime award winning British psychologist working for the development of human abilities to their highest degrees. This book investigates why some of the immature gifted kids succeeded and others did non. Freeman shows how their single reactions to even really early experiences-including their parent ‘s attitudes and actions toward them-continue to impact their lives as they enter middle-age. Their narratives illustrate how apparently harmless events could hold lay waste toing life-long effects. Freeman ‘s composing throughout is controlled and nonsubjective, and reviews show that she finally increases the strength of her narratives by allowing you see flawlessly int o each character ‘s life without narrative contamination.A This resource seems to be a unequivocal up-to-date work on the particular population of the really immature gifted and gives great penetration into what they will go. Galbraith, J. , & A ; Espeland, P. ( 2000 ) . You know your kid is gifted when aˆÂ ¦ a novice ‘s usher to life on the bright side. Minneapolis, MN: Free Spirit. This book by Judy Galbraith ( award winning writer and publishing house ) uses humourous sketchs and commentaries on giftedness to supply parents with information on the features, challenges, and the joys of rearing a immature gifted kid. The â€Å" good, bad, and ugly † about each of the different features of talented kids are shared, along with ways to assist promote the development of the kid. Information is besides provided on the differences between bright kids and talented kids, how to place gifted, labeling, multiple intelligences, perfectionism, relationships, badgering, self-esteem, and recommending for the kid. Throughout the book, first-person narratives from parents of kids with giftedness offer the reader reassurance and penetrations. A list of related organisations and helpful web sites is besides included. This book is great for parents, but it ‘s besides recommended for instructors, child care suppliers, counsellors, and others who work with really immatu re gifted kids. Olszewski-Kublius, P. , Limburg-Weber, L. , & A ; Pfeiffer, S. ( 2003 ) . Early gifts: Recognizing and fostering kids ‘s endowments. Waco, TX: Prufrock. This book is a practical resource that offers counsel for parents of talented preschool and elementary-age kids. Discussed in each chapter are early behaviours indicative of possible endowment and how parents can make a place environment that both elicits and develops their kid ‘s particular abilities through activities, games, and drama. The writers address offer solid advice and counsel for parents of talented and gifted kids of preschool and simple school age. The book shows parents and pedagogues ways to place a kid ‘s country of endowment ; support and raising that talent both at place and at school ; and schemes parents can utilize to guarantee their talented kid grows to be a happy, healthy grownup. The writers are all known to be taking experts in the field of talented and gifted instruction one of whom serves as the executive manager of Duke ‘s Talent Identification Program. Smutny, J. F. , Walker, S. Y. , & A ; Meckstroth, E. A. ( 1997 ) . Teaching immature gifted kids in the regular schoolroom: identifying, nurturing, and disputing ages 4-9. Minneapolis, MN: Free Spirit Press. In their book, Teaching Young Gifted Children in the Regular Classroom, the composing squad of Smutny, Walker, and Meckstroth offer sound theory and real-world utility for run intoing the educational demands of talented 4- to 9-year-olds in general instruction schoolrooms. This originative usher inspires and enables instructors ( and parents ) with ways to place talented kids early and gives advice on how to make a learning environment that supports all pupils efficaciously and instantly. The book includes often asked inquiries ( and common sense replies ) , and many consistent signifiers for instructors. The book besides discusses single acquisition manners ; happening the balance between construction and creativeness ; get bying accomplishments for emphasis, sensitiveness, and perfectionism ; gifted childs from cultural minorities ; concerted acquisition vs. bunchs ; and including parents as co-workers in their kid ‘s instruction experience. From placing to functioning, this publication ( albeit 14 old ages old ) is filled with many practical thoughts that makes it priceless for pedagogues in the preschool and primary classs and therefore was really of import to add to the bibliography.VideosDeVito, D. ( Director ) . ( 1996 ) . Matilda [ Motion image ] . United States: Sony Pictures. In this excessive fictional comedy, an intelligent immature miss invariably experiences irritation with her philistine household who does non appreciate her love of acquisition and desire to read through an extended aggregation of books. When Matilda eventually begins school, she is intimidated by the dictatorial principal, but she is enthralled with the chance to socialise with other kids and to get down larning with her schoolroom instructor, Miss Honey, who recognizes Matilda ‘s advanced mind, and together the two build a close relationship. As Matilda continues to see defeat with her parents and the school principal, she discovers she has clairvoyant powers. Though the content of the film is absurd, the movie ‘s message that immature kids ‘s rational abilities should be appreciated and nurtured is an appropriate one for guided screening. Additionally, this movie would be utile in turn toing talented simple school kids ‘s demand to happen friends who identi fy with their mind. Zaillian, S. ( Director ) . ( 1993 ) . Searching for Bobby Fischer [ VHS ] [ Motion image ] . United States: Paramount. This film, Searching for Bobby Fischer, tells the narrative of a universe title-holder cheat participant. The narrative serves as a background for an first-class film concentrating on endowment development in immature prodigies. The cardinal character is a seven-year-old named Josh Waitzman who becomes intrigued with work forces playing cheat in New York City ‘s Washington Square. When his parents detect his captivation with the game and his natural gift for cheat, his male parent succeeds at happening a cheat instructor for his boy. This picture is a great resource for both instructors of the talented and talented kids because it focuses on the gifts and endowments of a precocious kid who excels in his country of involvement.Journal ArticlesDiezmann, Carmel M. & A ; Watters, James J. ( 2000 ) Challenging the Young Gifted Child in Science and Mathematicss: An Enrichment Strategy. TalentEd, 18 ( 1 ) , pp. 2-8. Gross, M. U. M. ( 1999 ) . Small poppies: Highly talented kids in the early old ages. Roeper Review, 21 ( 3 ) , 207-214. This article by Miraca Gross ( manager of Gifted Education Research in Sydney, Australia ) is a authoritative on the development and demands of deeply gifted kids in babyhood, toddlerhood and the preschool old ages. It discusses some of the hallmarks of utmost intelligence in the really immature. Gross discusses the under-identification of immature highly-gifted kids and describes the developmental differences in highly-gifted kids. The job that is discussed is the fact that extremely gifted kids are often placed at hazard in the early old ages of school through inappropriate grade-placement and a earnestly unequal course of study. She concludes her article by forcing the reader to see that extremely gifted kids are at hazard in schools because the bulk of instructors have had no entree to preparation that would do them cognizant of the curricular and programming deductions of degrees or grades of giftedness. This article was of import to include ( even though it did non fall in the twelvemonth 2000 or beyond class ) because it goes beyond what other articles listed here have researched. It looks non merely at the immature gifted kid, but the deeply gifted kid and awakens readers to this underserved population. Harrison, C. ( 2004 ) . Giftedness in Early Childhood and Young Gifted Children – Their Search for Complexity and Connection. Roeper Review, 26, ( 2 ) 78-84. This article by Dr. Cathie Harrison, Senior Lecturer in Early Childhood Education at ACU National, paperss the writer ‘s journey with talented kids and their households. It begins by researching the first hebdomads and months in the life of talented kids and their households. It so takes the reader through assorted phases and facets of the early childhood experience of being a immature gifted kid. It looks into the facets of drama, larning and development and the impression of the hunt for complexness and connexion as it impinges on both the rational and emotional and societal spheres. It moves on to looking at how the kids and households experience their links with early childhood and school scenes, community. This is an of import research-based mention for both parents and early childhood instructors. Peterson, Jean, Duncan, Nancy, Canady, Kate ( Jan 2009 ) . A Longitudinal Study of Negative Life Events, Stress, and School Experiences of Gifted Youth. Gifted Child Quarterly, 53, 34-49 This article is about an 11 twelvemonth mixed-methods, cross-sectional longitudinal survey that began with a group of 121 talented kids, and followed them until high-school graduation. Each twelvemonth, the kid ‘s parents identified any negative life events that may hold occurred, and, at graduation, pupils completed an open-ended questionnaire, concentrating on events, impact of events, supports, and interventions during their school old ages. It was found that the pupils had experienced many negative events and state of affairss during the school old ages but they normally cited academic challenges, school passages, friendly relationships, and overcommitment as their most ambitious experiences, non life events. It was interesting to see that about without exclusion the pupils maintained their high accomplishment. This survey shows that talented pupils may non pass on their concern to grownups who are invested in their accomplishment or non-achievement. Adults that play an of import function in this kid ‘s life should maintain the findings in this survey in head as they interact with them. This survey is similar to the book antecedently mentioned – Gifted Lives – because it shows the consequence that giftedness can hold on pupils from a immature age until subsequently on in life. Pfeiffer, Steven I. , Petscher, Yaacov ( Jan 2008 ) . Identifying Young Gifted Children Using the Gifted Rating Scales Preschool/ Kindergarten Form. Gifted Child Quarterly, 52, 19-29 This article reports on an analysis of a new instructor evaluation graduated table that was created to help in the designation of talented preschool and kindergarten pupils. This has proved in the yesteryear to be a hard group to place due to their immature age. The Gifted Rating Scales — Preschool/Kindergarten Form ( GRS-P ) is â€Å" based on a multidimensional theoretical account of giftedness. † The graduated table was found to be really effectual as an instrument in placing rational giftedness, irrespective of whether an IQ cutoff mark is used to specify rational giftedness. The writer is a professor at FSU and sits on the board of SENG ( Serving the Emotional Needs of Gifted ) . This was an article that was of import to include because the first measure in functioning the really immature gifted is being able to accurately and expeditiously place them. Early acknowledgment increases the chance of future extraordinary accomplishment and this article exhaustively exp lains one possible manner of placing them. Rotigel, J. V. ( 2003 ) . Understanding the immature gifted kid: Guidelines for parents, households, and pedagogues. Early Childhood Education Journal, 30 ( 4 ) , 209-214 This article by Indiana University at Pennsylvania Professor, Jennifer Rotigel, looks into immature gifted and talented kids and how they learn and develop. The article is helpful as it includes suggestions and resources for instructors and parents on how to understand the kid ‘s alone demands when be aftering for their instruction and how to do certain the kid is non developing unevenly. Adults must foremost specify giftedness for themselves and acknowledge what sort of impact that it has on course of study and direction. Rotigel reminds readers that they ( most probably as the instructors and parents ) need to see the alone demands of each kid as they plan ways to raising and educate these childs. The writer provides suggestions for instructors and parents along with a assortment of resources. This resource is effectual because it puts parents and instructors on the same page together and encourages them to work together for the benefit of the immature gifted kid.

All The King’s Men: Analysis of the Cass Mastern Passage

All the King’s Men, by Robert Penn Warren is a novel of historical fiction. It is loosely based on the life of Governor Huey Long, who served as governor of Louisiana from nineteen twenty-eight until nineteen thirty-two and United States Senator from nineteen thirty-two until nineteen thirty-five when he was assassinated. Willie Stark, the protagonist and obviously the thinly disguised character of Governor Long even though Warren denied it, is an interesting character, but there is a framed story in Chapter Four that is intriguing of Cass Mastern that diverts from the any thing having to do with Willie Stark. The narrator of All The King’s Men, Jack Burden, is commanded by Stark to dig up dirt on a much loved man in Burden’s life. It is then that he remembers the writing of his dissertation of papers that were his father’s uncle, Cass Mastern. Mastern was a student at the University of Transylvania in Lexington, Kentucky during the eighteen fifties. He was funded by his older brother, Gilbert, a wealthy planter. Jefferson Davis, a neighbor of Gilbert, had sent letters ahead of Cass recommending him to a respectable couple, Duncan and Annabelle Trice. Duncan was a young banker in Lexington and he and Cass quickly become close friends. Duncan was completely devoted to his wife and assumed that she was equally devoted to him. However, Cass and Annabelle Trice begin an affair that would change the course of life for all involved. The affair was passionate and was aided by Annabelle’s half-sister. Duncan was out of town on business frequently which gave the lovers the house when he was away. Cass and Annabelle felt that they were safe in their romantic fun, but one day Duncan shoots himself in his library. He had staged it to look as if it had been an accident. Duncan knew both parties well enough to know that the guilt of their secret would destroy their worlds as they had destroyed his. After the suicide was discovered, Annabelle decided to go to bed. When her servant, Phebe, turned down her bed for her, there was Duncan’s wedding ring. Annabelle immediately knew that he had found out about the affair. Phebe knew as well. After Duncan’s funeral, Annabelle meets Cass in the She tells him of the details of the event and Cass is hit with what he has done to his friend. Because Phebe knows about the wedding ring, Annabelle sells her in Paducha, Kentucky to be taken to New Orleans. It would be a bitter life for Phebe once she was in the Deep South. Cass was overcome with guilt and grief for the consequences of his frivolity. Cass searches in vain for Phebe while hoping to purchase her and bring her back to Lexington. His grief overpowers him at the failure to restore her with her family and the life where she had grown accustomed that he joined the Confederate Army. It was there he was killed and he pays for his sins with his life. Jack Burden gives up working on his dissertation because he cannot understand the actions of Cass. It may seem that the Cass Mastern passage is a random story added to the novel for no reason. However, it has several purposes. It is the first glimpse that is seen into Jack Burden’s sense of guilt. He has also allowed himself to be drawn into a political machine that will destroy the life of someone dear to him. The fact that he has no connection with Cass Mastern’s guilt is foreshadowing. One can only hope that by the end of the novel, Jack’s character will grow to feel one of the most common of human emotions. The story of Cass Masten is parallel to Jack Burden. He will grasp in the end, that there are consequences for an individual’s actions even if that individual is convinced that he/she is doing it for the right purpose. He learns that people are not machines and cannot be turned on or off at will. Guilt will haunt an individual for the rest of his/her life just as Cass Mastern discovered.

Study Case (Misrepresentation) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Study Case (Misrepresentation) - Essay Example At that time, Najbar initially charged a claim for recompense with the Postal Service but her claim was initially denied by the Postal Service. Afterwards she brought this case against the federal government. Later on in this case, two exceptions were discussed i.e. The Postal-Matter Exception and The Misrepresentation Exception. The postal matter exception was rejected and court gets agreed on the second exception i.e. the misrepresentation exception. In the misrepresentation exception, the government argues straightforwardly that 28 U.S.C.  § 2680(h) neglects the claim of Najbar. But Najbar on these government argument alleged that she suffered psychological damages when she received letter with â€Å"deceased† stamp which by some manner tell her that,† Your son has died.† This type of wrong information that a person who is alive and saying that person was dead makes misrepresentation and according to Najbar the government fall under  § 2680(h). She raises 2 arguments; firstly she said her argument is grounded on "actionable negligence [that] occurred at an operational level before the envelope was stamped DECEASED.† Secondly she claims that if the argument raised by her comes under any type of misrepresentation then that misrepresentation doesn’t fall under  § 2680(h). However, both of her claims were rejected by the Court. Though her first claim was right related misrepresentation exception that it "does not bar negligence actions which focus not on the Governments failure to use due care in communicating information, but rather on the Governments breach of a different duty.† Despite that such principle doesn’t help the claim of Najbar as her activities based forthrightly on "the Governments failure to use due care in c ommunicating information." In addition to this Najbar raised further argument related to the misrepresentation

International marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

International marketing - Essay Example Ultimately, the take away message that the reader is instilled with necessarily points definitively to the means by which globalization and the clear and incessant need for differentiation and change ultimately defines the current environment. In such a way, the preceding analysis will first seek to provide a general summary of Friedman’s book and then go on to draw inference with regards to how some of the key concepts and presentations that Friedman made can be utilized in an understanding how a firm/entity engages with a globalized appreciation for the 4P’s of marketing. Accordingly, through such an analysis, it is the hope of this author that the reader will gain a further level of inference with regards to the way in which Friedman presents his main argument as well as the applicable it and usefulness that these arguments have with relation to specific aspects of marketing that have been discussed thus far within this course. In this particular way, although Friedm an engages with a host of topics, both historical and current, the ultimate goal of his piece is to instruct the reader with regards to the key changes that must take place within the current market in order for both the United States and the individual is this owner within it to continue to leverage degree of profit within the ever-changing dynamics of the global marketplace. In such a way, even though the reader might be distracted at times with the historical and geographic journey that Friedman engages in, the ultimate understanding that is represented within each of these case studies, interviews, historical interpretations, and analysis is with regards to how the current world model has developed and will continue to develop into the near future. One of the key understandings that the reader is left with upon nearing the conclusion of Friedman’s piece is with regards to some of the key forces that pose a severe potential for harm with regards to the current dynamic that is thus far been described in his book. Rather than engaging in a level of sensationalism or fear mongering, Friedman ultimately discusses with the reader a realistic approach to each of these threats and shows how further levels of collaboration/cooperation, within the construct of the globalized system as it currently exists, is ultimately able to defeat these threats. Although there are many salient aspects discussed within Friedman’s book, the reader can specifically relate his interpretation of the interconnected and rapidly changing nature of the current economic and political system that the fines the world as specifically cogent with regards to the 4P’s of marketing. Naturally, the 4P’s necessarily refer to price, place, promotion, and product. Within the construct of a globalized world that is increasingly dependent upon the way that each of these 4P’s is evidenced within given cultures/markets, it becomes apparent to the reader that such an und erstanding and application of Friedman’s worldview, illustrated within his book, is ultimately able to exponentially expand the approach to the individual might have with regards to these 4P’s. What is meant by this is the fact that the 4P’s of marketing are oftentimes taught within the construct of a specific geographic setting. For instance, when the student integrates with an understanding of price, promotion, product, and place, the economy is oftentimes understood within the

Feminist Theories and The Position of the Modern Woman Essay

Feminist Theories and The Position of the Modern Woman - Essay Example However, the various feminist theories differ, to a large extent, on the sources and types of inequality suffered by women, how to tackle these inequalities and achieve equality or the extent to which gender and sexual identities should be questioned. Obviously, as with every ideology, political movement or philosophy, no single definition or idea would adequately reflect what feminism stand for (Tong, 1989). Nonetheless, despite the various differences within the rank of the feminists' movements, over the last couple of decades, their analysis and ideas have greatly contributed to society and social theory and thus have greatly improved the lives of women. Several aspects of private life associated with male/female social relationships have experienced changes and many parts of social life have been transformed as a result of the work of feminism. Although, some people argue that there is still along way to go before equality is attained between men and women, everyone agree to the fact that major changes have been experienced towards such equality in the society (Burt and Dorney, 1993). Somehow, men and women through their social actions and interactio... een very useful in that, they tend to address the practical issues faced by women in their daily living and interaction with the society (Sydie, 1987). Feminists' theory views women in the society and addresses practical issues that are of concern to them, focussing on these from the perspective, experiences, and viewpoint of women. Feminist theorists tend to be women who theorize about their own experiences and interaction, they are concerned with the everyday lives and experiences of women and their social interactions, and often connected to women's groups, social reform, and broad social and political movements, organizations, and institutions. The concern of feminism appears to be three-fold; the first concern is perhaps, the recognition of women as full fledged social actors in the social world, this is because, though women have always been part of the social world, several theoretical perspectives often did not recognize them as such. The second concern of feminism involves analyzing the difference between biology and the social, the difference usually associated with sex (in biological terms) and gender (in the social world). Most feminist theories seek to explain that the status, role and position of the woman was socially constructed and not natural or unchangeable. The third concern of feminism is the male/female inequality; the oppression and domination of women, and how to overcome it (Tong, 1989; Lerner, 1994). Feminism is usually broadly divided into the Liberal, Socialist, Radical, Marxist, and Patriarchy theories due to the connection these theories have with other social theories and also the strategies and ideas proposed by the theory for tackling the problems faced by women in the society and the ways for pursuing equality. Although, it should be

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New and Improved Rewards at Work - Assignment Example Therefore, the relationship between the workers and the stakeholders will determine the level of change in any association (Politano & Macnaughton, 2009, p.110). Hence, this will contribute in integration of different skills, which if worked upon tactically will lead to growth of the organization to greater heights. In addition, all heads of departments should organize forums in which they have to meet with the aim of interacting, socializing, and exchange of ideas and experiences from their respective fields. Upon meeting, the heads will have robust environment to discuss for the way forward. Secondly, training of the workers by the organization will not only improve production by also the ability to use the required technology. Moreover, workers get motivated with the rewards from the organization. In alliteration, Innovation is the key factor in improving the strategy of any organization on the globe. Here is some crucial factor that all workers should embrace to initiate change a s below: learning, quality of life with innovation at hand, and monitory incentives just to mention but few. Learning It is noteworthy that the available innovation gives employees the opportunity to learn and put into practice the learned technological skills. In addition, by statistics analysis, it is evident that the number of hours worked by American employees is on the rise. The above, is propelled by the high standards of living and so many workers are scared on how effectively they will meet the demand of lives. Flexibility of employees is one key factor that facilitates production in an organization. Monetary incentives:- money is the main motivational factor globally, here the organization’s profit, if shared among the employees will motivate employees to a greater heights. Besides, to reduce absenteeism, and improve employees’ production, monetary rewards are the best igniters so far. On the contrary, if monetary rewards are not incorporated with other reward s can be short lived. Again, if not well distributed among all employees, the monetary incentives can prove to be fatal (Deeprose, 2007, p.120). However, the current competitive conditions in an organization or business world make it almost impossible to not only retain, but also acquire top talents. Therefore, an organization should offer the right pay and effectively manage the pay increase in order to retain the top talents after identification. On the other hand, it is advisable to keep personal budget by stabilizing the compensation strategy. Compensation strategies are vital in identifying the job markets to an organization hence building the attractiveness of company’s top talent. Compensation strategy and competitive advantages Nowadays, it is worth to note that employees are on the same level with the customers. Thus, they are not in a position to identify a good organization since better employers are identified no longer. Competitive advantage is a propelling facto r to a mix success. It is important for any organization to identify differently themselves for not only presentation but also for a different approach to the employees. In addition, it is real that the most successful differentiators are compensation strategies. An organization is not only differentiated from other organization by compensation strategy but also it brings differentiation in an organization. It is pertinent to note that, effective compensation gives the

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Leadership for Change - Article Example Through consultations, leaders must develop informative networks of reliable people. Besides the ability to envision the position of the organization and determine the activities to undertake to achieve such, leaders must have effective communication and persuasion abilities to enable them address the organization’s different publics effectively. Doing this is also a method of motivating productivity from the subjects. However, the leader must also prepare for certain managerial obstacles and devise effective ways of overcoming such in order to revamp the operations of the organization and safeguard productivity. A leader should anticipate the obstacles and learn from the critics in order to build a cohesive team through effective decision-making (Rosabeth, 2003). In brief, the ideas in the article are relevant in leadership studies. The author carefully develops adequate background to the topic and describes the concept of leadership before introducing the factors that contribute to the success of a leader. He uses simple and sentences that are easy to understand thereby improving accessibility to his information. Additionally, he also discusses realistic leadership challenges thus providing the learners with a basis for brainstorming. I am for the reading and recommend it to any student pursuing a course in

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Marketing Mix - Research Paper Example The products are high priced. Apple as a brand is regarded as a symbol for high status and trendy fashion. So it can be said that though being a market leader, Apple competes with itself and launches better and improved versions of its own product. Table of Contents Introduction 4 Marketing Mix 5 Product 5 Price 5 Place 6 Promotion 6 Implementation of Marketing Mix in Apple Inc 6 References 8 Introduction Apple Inc is a US based multinational organization engaged in manufacture of digital electronics and computer hardware equipments. The company was founded in the year 1976 by the name of Apple Computers Inc and since then it has grown into a mammoth organization with a formidable brand image. In the year 2007 the company renamed itself as Apple Inc. The company is presently listed on the bourses of the NASDAQ and the New York Stock Exchange. The company is presently headed by Tim Cook one of the most dynamic business leaders of the modern world. The company is known for its innovati ons in technology and bringing out cutting edge technology products that are unmatched by any of its competitors in the market. Apple Inc was one of the pioneers in the industry that designed computers like mackintosh (Apple, 2011). The mission and vision of the organization is to be an innovative market player that manufactures products that are unique, distinctive and highly innovative in the market. The main mission statement of the organization is an apple at every desk. The company aims to create innovations that are simple yet elegant and are highly technology intensive. The company’s mission is to provide the best quality and innovative products to customers across the globe. The company aims to be a global leader in its product category and has accordingly made a global presence by having a dedicated presence in almost all the major economies of the world. The vision and mission statements can be largely correlated with its business strategies that involved launch of products like I-phones, I-pad’s that are highly technology intensive and have attracted a huge attention from the target market audience by virtue of their innovative features. Marketing Mix Product Apple Inc has an impressive product portfolio comprised of a large array of innovative product offerings. Apart from the company’s traditional products like Mac the company also manufactures a range of other products including iPod’s, iPhone, and iTunes. IPod’s include portable music players that have a sleek design and highly attractive features that allows audio as well as video files to be run by the user. I-phone is yet another innovation developed by the organization in the lucrative mobile telephone segment. The unique product tries to amalgamate the excitement of a mobile phone with innovative features like excellent graphics and computing options. The delightful looks make it an attractive option for any individual. Apple also made a foray into the sof tware industry with the launch of the Apple I tunes. This product is essentially a music player that is compatible with both iPods as well as personal computers. In addition to this the company has also produced software’s like I sync, Mobile Me etc that are essentially in the software segments. Apple in its most recent activities has launched the

Recruitment And Selection At Tesco Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Recruitment And Selection At Tesco - Assignment Example It discusses human resource planning as a means to address these fundamental issues. Lastly, this paper outlines the recruitment and selection processes that support the growth and development of the company. Tesco’s local and international expansion has given rise to demands for employees who will fill numerous managerial and non-managerial positions. The company is driven to offer its customers with high-quality products and services. It recognizes the importance of retaining old customers and attracting new ones. Thus, the company is confronted with the need to look for individuals that possess the behaviors and skills necessary for the current growth and development of the company. Tesco has six work levels. The first work level involves front-line jobs that directly deal with customers. These jobs require the ability to enthusiastically interact with customers. Meanwhile, work level 2 encompasses individuals that train the group of employees who directly interact with customers. Individuals with this job need to possess the ability to set targets, motivate, and manage others (â€Å"Recruitment,† n.d.). Work level 3 involves running a particular operating unit. This particular job necessitates management skills which include target setting, reporting, and planning. Work level 4 focuses on individuals that are relegated to the responsibility of recommending strategic change and providing aid for each operating unit (â€Å"Recruitment,† n.d.). Work level 5 encompasses jobs that are mainly concern with the overall performance of the company. This job necessitates the ability to manage and lead others. Lastly, work level 6 involves jobs that are mainl y responsible for outlining values, goals, and purposes of the company. Individuals relegated to this job must possess the ability to forecast the long-term condition of the company and propel the company towards success (â€Å"Recruitment,† n.d.).

Understand How to Safeguard Children Essay Example for Free

Understand How to Safeguard Children Essay Understanding how to safeguard the wellbeing of children and young people. 1. Understand the main legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding children and young people. 1. 1In englang and wales the polices and procedures for safeguarding and child protection in a setting for children and young people are a result of legislation passed in parliament including: The children Act 1986 and the children Act 2004 (england and wales) Children Order 1995 (northern ireland) The children act 1986 and children order. The aim of these of acts was to simplify the laws that protect children and young people. They tell carers/people how to work together when child abuse is suspected. Working together to safeguard children (1999) This provides professionals in england and wales guildines to help them work with a child who is at risk of harm. Children act 2004 This act includes Assessment framework for agencies to help them identify childrens needs LSCB (local safeguarding childrens broad) this has the power to make sure that social services, education services, the nhs, the police and any other services work together to help protect vulnerable children Working together to safeguarding children 2006 This updates safeguarding and how agencies should work on thier own and together with other agencies to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. Polices and procedures All settings that work with children and young children / people must: A arrangement to work with the LSCB A senior member of staff in charge of safeguarding arrangements An effective risk assesment to make sure that the safeguarding policy works CBR check on all adults who work with children to the age of 18. Contact information for parents or carers for all children under the age of 18. Up to date training for all staff on safeguarding. Policy for protection of children under the age of 18. 1. 2Safeguarding is about much more than just protecting children from direct abuse. People working in a enviroment with children and young people have a wider role to play than simply protecting from neglect and abuse. The staying safe action plan reconises important aspects in the wider view of safguarding these include: †¢Keeping children safe from accidents †¢Crime and bullying †¢Forces marriages †¢Missing children Actively promoting their welfare in a healthy and safe enviroment Child protection is action that is taken to protect children that are suffering or at risk of suffering from significant harm. 1. 3It is important for all persons that are working with or around children follow guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguard the welbeing of children and young people so they are able to identify if a child or young person is in risk of harm or ne ed because of the vulnerbility. The earlier a child at risk is detected the better the outcome. Before employing staff into a childcare setting they should be made aware of all the policie and procedures to give the a clear understanding of all aspects of safeguarding the children in there care these should inculde the following: Health and safety Child protection Outings Visitors to the setting Contact with children Risk assesments should be carried out on the setting requarly to make sure there are no safeguarding risks such as children leaving the setting unnoticed or someone entering the setting that as not been authorised to. There are many requirements for keeping children safe in there setting, all staff should under go training to be made aware so that can recognise signs of abuse and learn the correct way to deal with situations. It is important to make sure there is contact details for all parent/carers of children in the care of the setting. Also a senior member of staff that is trained to the correct level needed to take charge of all safeguarding requirements. All guidelines are set in place to help and improve the level of safeguarding and to make sure that services and agencies work together. 1. The local safeguarding childrens board call serious case reviews when it is belived that a child has died due to abuse or neglect. All the nesserary authoritys will be invovled such as childrens services, police, health and education professionals. When a serious case such a child or young person dieing due to neglect it is important for the local authorties to find the reason why it as happened and chec k that all the correct polices and procedures had taken place in the case and if it comes about that society has failed the causes and reasons for this happening need to be address and dealt with. Each service invovled should reveiw the way they are practicing to see if there is any changes that need to be made to prevent serious cases happening, The LSCB will also require a overveiw report to make inquiries and recommendations to each indulvidual service involved. It is important for any service that is dealing with children to imform and share information with the correct authority if they believe there is a chance they believe there could be a incident that could result in a child suffering abuse or even leading to a child dieing. It is important that the correct information is always shared with the nessercary person and good communication between all the local services invovled in the case and that events of the case and logged accuratley. 2. understanding the importance of working in partnership with other organisations to safeguard children and young people 2. 1It is important to safeguard children and young people as without this protection their future could be negatively affected. Their health and development could be affected as its possible they could withdraw from family and peers which would affect them emotionally and also developmentally fall behind with educational milestones (if school is missed). Children and young people need to be protected from neglect and abuse and have a safe environment in which to grown up in with parents, teachers and any other close adult being approachable and accessible if needed, when/if any problem or concerns were to arise. This is all crucial in a child’s upbringing as the care they receive through their childhood will contribute to the success of the child’s ability to reach their full potential into adulthood. 2. 2It is important to use a centred approach when safeguarding children. As this will give you the first hand opinion and facts from the child including feelings and wishes about their current situation and their future. This will make the organisations response more accurate and appropriate to meet the specific needs of the child or young person. It is important therefore to develop a trusting relationship with the child or young person as this will make it easier to discuss their wishes and concerns, which will give the professionals the opportunity to involve the child or young person where possible in decision making about current intervention if necessary and any future action, as ‘the unknown’ will be a worry to the child so hopefully making them aware step by step will make the process less worrying and give a more accurate result to the problem. 2. 3Partnership working is when all agencies or groups of individauls work together to insure the welfare of a child. Working together in partnership is important as the child or young person needs to be safeguarded in all areas and enviroments, it is also important that each party comunicates to the other to ensure the link of correct information is keep up to date to ensure the safety and protection of the child. The importance of partnership working runs through every aspect of safeguarding from goverment legislation to local working, many different agencies maybe be involved depending on the case some of these would be family, social worker, gp, health vistor and school staff. It is important for any party to inform the correct person if they have concerns about the welfare of any child as early intervention will give the 2. 4Roles and responsibililities of different organisations: Social services: Have statutory responsibilities to provide support to vulnerable children and families in need. This may be after a death or when families are finding everyday life difficult. Most social workers are employed by social services. Health Visitiors: Have a responsibility for the health of babies and young children under five. They provide support and guidance to the parents of young children and carry out assessments of a child’s development. General Practitioners (GP): GPs work in the community and are the gaetway to other health services. GPs are often the first people to identify possible abuse when a child attends surgery. Probation Services: Help and support people convicted of some offences to be rehabilitated into the community. They have a key role in monitoring the people convicted of offences against children and should ensure they do not pose a threat to local children. Police: The police are involved in criminal proceedings that may result from safeguarding issues. Child Psychology Services: These will often be needed to support children who have experienced abuse or harm. As all children should be in education or training between the ages of 5 and 18, schools and training organisations are also key to identifying and supporting children that are in need of help. All members of staff should be well trained in safeguarding and child protection. 3 Understand the importance of ensuring children and young people’s safety and protection in the work place . 1 As it can be difficult for many parents to leave their child, it is important that they are confident their child is in a safe environment with people who can be trusted and will see to their Childs needs and help them with their developments. It is also important that a child is made to feel safe and comfortable in a environment or setting in order for them to develop. A child needs to feel happy an d confident in the hands of their carers. 3. 2 Working in and open environment is one way of protecting children and young people as well as the adult caring for them. For example, a nursery that is open plan ensures that at no point will a adult and child be totally alone together. By talking and listening to a child you can learn a lot and May sometimes hear things that give you a reason to be concerned. Avoid agreeing to share a secret with a child when a safeguarding issue is involved. Any concerns over a child’s welfare must be reported and made a record of. When you are involved in the care of children or young people, you are in a position of trust. You have the authority over the children or a young person which gives you responsibility. All people in this position must have enhanced CRB checks. The position you are in tends to be respected and looked up to by many children and young people. Therefore, your own behaviour must be thought about carefully as you are setting an example to these people. Young children need physical contact but too much can quite easily be misunderstood. After a fall, a child may need that cuddle and reassurance to get them up and playing again but if viewed in the wrong way a job and reputation could be at stake. Performing intimate personal care for a child are part of everyday needs but they should never be performed in a room with the door closed or out of sight of other members of staff. This protects the child as well as yourself. Be taking photos or making video recordings can be a great way to let parents see the progression of their child but there are certain rules to followed to ensure the safety of the child -Photos and videos should only be made available to the parents and carers. -Consent forms should be signed and returned -Policies on parents taking photos should be checked . 3 If I feel a colleague is not following the correct safeguarding procedure or the I feel they are harming, abusing or bullying a child or young person in the setting I should immediately speak to my manager and ‘blow the whistle’ as the child at risk is the most important person. If there is any reason I cannot speak to my manager then the other options I have are: Contacting the local soci al services emergency desk Contacting the countries inspectorate Whistle blowing does take some courage as there is the fear of being harassed, bullied or even losing your job as a result. If you lose your job over this matter the UK Public Interest Disclosure Act (1998) offer legal protection. 3. 4 By fully understanding you’re setting policies and procedures at all times will ensure that you can protect yourself from accusations and suspicions. If at any time you are ever in doubt, you should check with your manager who will guide you. 4. Understand how to respond to evidence or concerns that a child or young person has been abused or harmed. 4. 1 There are many different types of abuse such as physical, emotional and sexual abuse also a child being neglected. Signs of physical abuse can be a child having fear of physical contact, flinching when being approached or touched, unexplained recurrent injuries or burns. Physical abuse can also make a child angry and aggresses to themselves and others. Many signs of physical abuse can be confused with every day knocks and bumps but are many signs to look for such as pinch marks on the ears, arms and thigh areas and burn marks. Signs of emotional abuse can be a child with low self-esteem that experiences fear with a new situation, delayed development and a child that is withdrawn and aggressive. Emotional abuse is when a child doesn’t receive love and attention and is put down by carer/parent so makes a child feel they are not good enough with can result in sudden behaviour changes. A child that is being neglected can fail to thrive as they may not be receiving the best care such as proper food, shelter or general care and protection. Coman signs of neglect are poor personal hygiene, a child be constantly drowsy or tired and looking under nourished and thin. A child or young person that is being sexual abuse will have a lack of trust or fear towards someone that know they may be scared or nervous around certain company. They may have a level of sexual knowledge that is not age appropriate. They may also be withdrawn and like to spend time alone rather than socialise with their peers. A physical sign can be continuous medical problems of itching soreness to their genital area. 4. 2 If a child or young person makes an allegation of abuse or harm you should try to have a witness if possible and if it’s ok with the child for someone else to listen. It is important to listen carefully and try not to display that you are shocked or horrified from what your hearing, you should let the child speak and try not o ask direct or leading questions as this could encourage the child to give false information. You should also praise the child and let them know it is the right thing to do and telling someone was right and the main point is to never promise to keep it a secret as this could cause the child further stress and trust issues. Once the child has told you the full story it should be passed over to t he correct person for further investigation. 4. 3 children and young people have the right to receive the best possible help they need to help express themselves fully and it should be explained to them what will happen next. They also have the right and decision not to undergo repeated examinations and questioning about there allegation. Although in some cases it is family members that the allegations are aim at they still have the right to be informed of what’s been said and have a say in the situation. The child has a right to be keep informed about any decisions that may affect there further and the concerns and views should be listen to. 5. Understand how to respond to evidence or concerns that a child or young person has been bullied 5. There are many different types of bully such as physical where a child may be involved in being kicked punched with violent threats this may make a child withdrawn and nervous and generally upset. Not all bulling involves being physically hurt it can be just as distressing for a child to be verbally bullied where they would experience name calling, insults and persistent teasing this can give a child low self-esteem and make them feel worthless and not good en ough. Bullying can also happen and not be received face to face and done though social networking sites and mobile phone. All these types of bullying can leave a child or young person feeling isolated with no one to talk to, in some extreme cases it can lead to depression and even attempted suicide. Bullying can also affect a child education as they may not be able to concentrate and have time of school due to being scared and worried of their bully 5. 2 If there are concerns of bullying in a setting between peers it should be dealt with effinctely to prevent the child or young person being bullied from further pain or distress, all the neseccery people should be involved such as staff members and the parents and family of both the children. All settings should have a anti bullying polices in place to prevent and help cases of bullying. All allegations of bullying should be recorded so it can be picked up if the is a recurrent problem involving the same individuals. The department for education is clear the no form of bullying should be tolerated and all allegations should be taken seriously. Bullying it not a healthy and normal part of growing up. 5. It take a child a lot of courage to confide in someone about being bullied so it is important to let them know that there allegation will be taken seriously and reassure them and their family that the information given will be handed to the right person authority and dealt with in the best possible way. Parents of children being bullied and children that are bullying others also struggle to come to terms with the news and need you full support and help to deal with the situation. You can also give the child details of websites and support line that will offer someone to talk to and extra support for them. 6. Understanding how to work with children and young people to support their safety and wellbeing. 6. 1 It is important for a child to be confidant and have high self-esteem in order for them to thieve and develop ways to boost child self-esteem is to give them lots of praise and encouragement to make them independent with opportunities and choices. Encouraging cooperation, respect and tolerance between children and setting them a positive example to follow and learn from. Teaching children to be assertive having their own needs meet but still respecting other feeling and need. 6. 2 It is important to support resilience in children and young people has it helps them deal with life’s ups and downs. It helps them deal with stressful situations and to cope with change and uncertainty. The more resilience a child or young person has the better they will deal with life as they grow and develop into adulthood. There are many factors that can positively affect Childs resilience: †¢Secure early attachments †¢Confidence of being loved by family and friends †¢Good sense of self identity †¢Confidence to try new things Children that do not tick all the factors may need more help to improve their resilience and boost their self-esteem. 6. 3 children and young people need to have strategy to protect them so they are able to access risks and enable them to make decisions about their own safety. There are many ways children can be supported to keep themselves safe. It is important that they are taught about dangers; such as using outdoor equipment that may have higher risks of danger and the dangers involved in substances. I feel it is also important that a child is made aware that not all adults are safe to approach and should be taught to beware of strangers. A child should never have to feel scared or uncomfortable about someone they are with or something being done to them. 6. everyone working with children needs to support them to help them keep safe and help to support their own well being this can be achieved by helping them to understand boundaries by reinforcing issues when they arise in a positive manner such as taking turns, no pushing, being patient, understanding some children take more time than others to complete tasks, everyone has their own individual ways of completing tasks, letting them resolve their own conflicts when possible. Promote positive relations hips whether child to child, child to adult, adult to adult or adult to child. Let them lead their own activity without guided instructions to let them see what needs to be done and how they can achieve this. We all learn by taking risks so when a child wants to take a risk, be there to help them and support them, whether it be physically (e. g. Supporting them whilst they go down a climbing frame backwards by being there ready to catch them if needed or adjust their positioning of arms or legs ect,) or verbally (encourage them that they can do it and offer them support in doing what they would like to achieve). Never let a child take a risk that could cause significant harm to themselves or others.

Confucius’ Social and Political Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Confucius’ Social and Political Philosophy Essay These days we are focusing on the topics of Confucius’ social and political philosophy. After finishing readings of this section, I would like to give reflections that mainly about Confucius’ view on governing and analyze the traditional culture and administration of our country. This essay will present my opinions about the merits and demerits of nowadays Chinese society’s government. First, let us deal with something that Confucius would say that Chinese society is currently doing well. According to Confucius, when the population is already numerous, make them wealthy will further improve them, and once they are wealthy, to instruct them will improve them further more. [1] I think this passage is suitable for making appraisals to nowadays Chinese society, because China has a large population and Chinese government is taking the road of common prosperity, these are very similar to passage’s description. The road of common prosperity means, for the purpose of enabling more and more people to become prosperous, some people are encouraged to become prosperous first, and at last all people will become prosperous. In my own understanding, I think this passage did not show that Confucius think wealth is more important than education. I think what Confucius want to said is, to make people wealth does not means just make people hold a lot of money, actually it means to let people live a peaceful and wealthy life, which is important to build a harmonious society. In addition, Chinese government also focuses on education, like the government increases the input of fund for rural compulsory education. In another passage, Confucius said â€Å"If common people’s need are satisfied, how could their lord be lacking? If the common people ‘s needs are not satisfied, how can their lord be content?† [2] These above passages show Confucius think it is important to satisfy common people’s needs, to let them live a wealthy life is necessary for reaching this goal, so he would be pleased to see Chinese government is paying efforts to improve people’s life and education. However , it is obvious that there is also something Chinese government is currently not doing well. In recent years, human flesh search engine became very popular. According to Wikipedia, human flesh search is a primarily Chinese internet phenomenon of massive researching  using Internet media such as blogs and forums. What made human flesh search became famous is misconduct in public office were exposed frequently through this way, this means the government is not honest enough. When this kind of things happened, it usually begin with some public servants wearing or using luxuries in public activities, then people think it is suspicious that public servants can afford those kind of luxuries, so they begin human flesh search to find out what happened. Confucius would be displeased, because the dishonest behaviors of some public servants are damaging government’s reputation. According to Confucius, he said he would sacrifice armament and food, but he though a state cannot stand once it has lost the confidence of the people.[3] That means Confucius regard the confidence of the people as the most important thing for a government. There is also an old saying that the lord is a boat and common people is water, means when a lord gain the supports from his people, it is like the water make the boat float over water-surface. And it works both ways. The correct attitude towards common people will gain people’s support, the bad reputation cause by dishonest governing will lose people’s support, it is no doubt that Chinese society is not doing well at this point. Confucius also said â€Å"Raise up the straight and apply them to the crooked, and the people will submit you. If you raise up the crooked and apply them to the straight, the people will never submit.† [4] When we understanding this passage and relating it to nowadays society, I think the â€Å"straight† can be understand as the public servant who work honesty and really care of common people’s interests. Likewise, â€Å"crooked† can be understand as the public servant who abuse power and damage common people’s interest. Chinese government did not build up a complete supervise system to punish the corrupt officials and it is what government should do in the future. The key to adopting Confucius’ philosophy centers on discarding the dross and selecting the essence. Chinese society is doing a good job in striking a balance between social improvement and inheritance on traditional culture, like the idea about building up a harmonious society. I think Chinese society should be as Confucian as it is today, because although we can carry forward things from tradition, we cannot carry forward everything from tradition, we need to keep pace with the times. Some of Confucius’ view on governing cannot accommodate itself to the Chinese society’s development. For example, Confucius said, let the lord be a true  lord, the ministers true ministers, the fathers tr ue fathers, and the sons true sons.[5] In this passage, Confucius was only requiring the lord to fulfill his obligation, but he did not require any democratic rights which are extremely important to nowadays society. In ancient China, People did not have their right to choose a lord they want, but nowadays people are supposed to have their democratic rights and choose the government they want. The Chinese society must comply with the world development trend. We should accept the good things showed in the passage, like the idea â€Å"to do what you are deemed to do†, but for governing, we are not supposed to take its idea like â€Å"people serve their lord and cannot against the lord† Chinese society does not take the wrong way and its governing is becoming more and more democratic, so it is Confucian enough and it just need to keep this style. In conclusion, there is still lot of things that we can use the experience of Confucius for reference, the view on governing is just a part of it, and Confuciusâ€℠¢ philosophy is always the important asset for us.

A Stakeholder In A Pharmaceutical Organization Commerce Essay

A Stakeholder In A Pharmaceutical Organization Commerce Essay A stakeholder in a pharmaceutical organization is an individual or a group of people with one common goal and interest towards the ownership and activities of the organization (Daft, 2011). In a general organizational setup, stakeholders can be divided into two categories, the primary stakeholder and the secondary stakeholder. The primary stakeholders have the utmost responsibility in a company. They include the company suppliers, consumers using the companys pharmaceutical product, the medical research institute, employees working in the organization and the company shareholders. The primary stakeholders form the basic fundamental foundation towards a companys success or failure because of their participation in the direct economical situation. The secondary stakeholders do not have an integral part in the economic process but they are as useful as the primary stakeholders are. These include the government, trade unions, the media, and political parties and action groups (Hellriegel , Jackson Slocum, 2007). In terms of management, having an organization run by individuals can result to the greed and misuse of finances. According to research carried out, about sixty nine percent of corporate executives do not consider the general publics best interest while making decisions and another ninety four percent of corporate executives make their decisions first and foremost on the foundation of making an advancement in their own line of business (Daft, 2011). In modern companies, there are two forms of ownership. The ownership theory of a company is one form of ownership. Here an individual owns the company. The sole purpose of the company is to make great profits over the years with its stakeholders interests at heart. The stakeholder theory of ownership is the other form of company ownership. This theory argues that such companies have the sole responsibility of promoting good work ethics and create value for the society. Even though the stakeholder theory aims at making profits, it should s trive to ensure it creates a source of income for others especially the large community. Corporate stakeholders and respond to their issues Corporate management Stakeholders in a pharmaceutical company are divided into stages. The first stage of stakeholders includes the key management of the company like the corporate executives, marketing, and the leaders who offer their opinion regarding the pharmaceutical industry like the consultants. Their key issue is to establish a growth strategy of the company, enhance transparency, and manage potential harm towards stakeholders and the society and code of ethics among the various departments in the company (Kolb Schwartz, 2009). Since the community and the pharmaceutical company are interdependent, the main purpose of the company is to maintain and adapt to the corporate social responsibility (Hellriegel, Jackson Slocum, 2007). A good example is the risks involved when it comes to patients and drugs. An ideal management in a pharmaceutical company would consider the provision of drugs, which will help increase chances of survival instead of trying to avoid patient risk. Regulatory Institutions The second third stage of pharmaceutical stakeholders includes the regulatory institutions. Regulatory institutions are establishments that take part in ensuring the drugs that have been manufactured are of the right quality, and manufactured as per the stipulated mandate and drug manufacturing requirements (Freeman, Velamuri Moriarty, 2006). When a drug has been developed and it meets the requirements of the relevant drug regulatory body, it obtains permit for consumption by the society. A regulatory stakeholder is of great importance especially in the society. It helps prevent the sale of medicine, which is of low quality or medicine sold by pharmaceutical companies that can be detrimental to ones health. The regulatory bodies are also responsible in promotion of manufactured drugs to the market and in the process, they help influence the companys investments and expertise. The regulatory institutions act as consultants regarding drug related issues. Marketing The third stage of pharmaceutical stakeholder involves the marketing team in the company. Marketing pharmaceutical drugs require good advertising skills and sufficient consumer research. Employing the use of strategic marketing is appealing and attracts the end user. This method also helps in dealing with companies that produce similar drugs known as Me-Too drugs. Me-Too drugs have similar chemical compound to the existing drug and they perform similar action performance towards ones body. Good marketing strategy of the pharmaceutical organization will ensure the genuine drug that has been produced is sold at a fairly reasonable price and curb competition from other companies (Freeman, Velamuri Moriarty, 2006). Research and Development Another important stakeholder in this stage is the team that takes part in research and development of a pharmaceutical drug. The biopharmaceutical research and industry paves way to discovering new and efficient drugs (Babler, 2011). Past medical research has been conducted on traditional medical outcomes and remedies then regarded as a discovery. Due to modernized biological technology, research has focused on understanding the different diseases and how they affect the human immune system. This extensive research has also led to discoveries of how to manipulate the human body in a bid to counteract the disease without damaging the cells inside ones system (Babler, 2011). Through research, development of new drugs has become possible. As stakeholders in the pharmaceutical industry, scientists who carry out biopharmaceutical research with the help of doctors, chemists and regulatory experts work together to ensure there is the successful development of a drug and it has been approve d for consumption (Babler, 2011). This helps in providing a clean source of treatment to the society. End User The end user is the fourth stage of pharmaceutical stakeholder ship. This includes the general public, patients, health providers, health related institutions and the government. The doctors and hospitals as the health providers ensure that approved drugs manufactured and sold by the pharmaceutical companies are put to the right use. Certain drugs like morphine are addictive and if misused, they could turn to be dangerous and lethal therefore the need to be under control. It is only the medical practitioner who is in a position to administer use of such pharmaceutical drugs. The government has a major role to play in the pharmaceutical industry. One of its core roles is the funding of research and development of medical related devices (Babler, 2011). They help in creating incentives for smaller pharmaceutical companies so that they may come up with an independent research on new patent drugs. The government through the Food and Drug Administration is also responsible for approval of safe drugs that are effective (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). The government through the congress is responsible for coming up with stringent measures regarding the manufacture of drugs and fraud related cases by pharmaceutical companies (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). The role of the industry in its economic, political and social setting Economic role In the society, a business enterprise is the basic unit of the economy (Daft, 2011). The pharmaceutical company being a business institution produces goods for consumption and services too. These goods and services are essential for a societys well being because the drugs are used to treat various diseases that affect individuals. In the process, the company strives ahead and maximizes its profits for the companys shareholders and team members. This in turn improves the economy of the nation since the workers earn a living, the government taxes are paid and other stakeholders including the society benefit from the company. An example includes the Pfizer pharmaceutical company, one of the largest drug related companies, which is involved in offering grants and scholarships to institutional based healthcare facilities. They are also involved in scholarship programs with the neediest individuals in the society thus making them better individuals (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). Over the p revious years, the American pharmaceutical companies are making such tremendous milestones in terms of economic development as compared to other manufacturing related companies (National Academies Press, 2012). When it comes to price regulation of drug in the society, the pharmaceutical company plays an important role. With the emergence of new pharmaceutical companies, the drug industry has become competitive to the extent of the existence of market power in the economy because of the production of patent drugs (Danzon, 2006). In the American health care, insurance companies have taken a major role in ensuring the American citizens get the required medical treatment at a subsidized price. This move has enabled the pharmaceutical companies to lower the prices of their drugs to suit the needs of the American economic society. In addition, the pharmaceutical companies have resulted to address the economic issues of the society through developing drugs that have the same effect as the patent drug known as me too and then repackaging into similar quantities but in different sachets or economic friendly containers so as to suit the financial capabilities of the majority in the society. At the sa me time, this move boosts the corporate sales due to the increase in market demand. Price regulation in a country affects the availability of drugs in the country as well as other countries Social role In a society, there are rules and guidelines that ought to be followed for an effective and cordial relationship. These rules define the importance of what a good society ought to be. The pharmaceutical companies being part of the society have to follow the legal rules with regard to the corporate rules (Hellriegel, Jackson Slocum, 2007). The major role of a pharmaceutical company to the society is discovering and developing new vaccines and drugs (Babler, 2011). HIV and AIDS are a major challenge to the society, and numerous pharmaceutical companies have undertaken an indepth research of determining the cure with about two hundred different drugs and vaccines both in developing and developed nations (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). Most pharmaceutical companies opt to conduct such research independently but others would try and incorporate the stakeholders. According to most of the pharmaceutical companies vision of creating and developing quality medicines to save millions of lives and at the same time improve the global lifestyles of people, these industries have continued to expand their all time efforts in making sure the needy patients in the society receive the medicines they require (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). One corporate social responsibility the pharmaceutical company has towards the social well being is by addressing the issue of HIV and AIDS. These companies have created platforms that increase the awareness among potential victims. The companies have also ensured the ease of use and convenience of patient friendly and potent drugs, together with disease therapy acts at ensuring the well being of a society (Freeman, Velamuri Moriarty, 2006). This move is crucial towards maintaining the corporate stakeholder relationship and trust. In the long run, the sick patient will be faithful in taking the pharmaceutical companys medication to manage the disease better and the company would have obtained its financial gains together with the patient trust on their products. Political role In the drug manufacturing companies, the pharmaceutical companies are by far the majority producers of drugs and they have an expected global budget of about sixteen billion dollars (Abraham, 2002). The demand market of a pharmaceutical company is tremendously high regardless of the economy (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). Each and every new day there are new cases of disease outbreaks that require urgent medical attention. The health care remains constant regardless of the changing economic conditions (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). These pharmaceutical companies make a lot of money in the form of profits at the expense of the majority of the American citizens and in most cases, citizens from the third world countries. Even though the pharmaceutical companies are making tremendous steps in addressing eminent diseases, the public health interests of individuals and the commercial interests of the pharmaceutical company tend to coincide (Abraham, 2002), thus making clinical trials become hard and expensive because human rights activists have addressed this issue and many developed countries tend to avoid such participation. In the American political scene, pharmaceutical companies do not have the mandate to distribute drugs directly to patients. They pass through the government related health care agencies (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). These agencies are responsible for determining and handling the import and export regulations. These government agencies tend to have an important political factor in determining the manufacturing, production and distribution of certain companies. Since the state management is responsible for protecting and ensuring the safety of the general publics health, they have developed a system that regulates the drugs from the pharmaceutical companies (Abraham, 2002). These regulations can confirm whether the drugs produced are safe, and they meet the standards for consumption by people. In developing a drug in America, it takes six years for the drug to be tested and approved (Castner, Hayes Shankle, 2007). After such strenuous efforts, just a few drugs that have been manufact ured by the pharmaceutical companies end up being consumed by the public. This combined with the fact that it costs a lot of money for research and testing, and the fact that the FDA is in charge of setting the guidelines in accordance with the other major regulations for the manufacture of the drugs (Castner, Hayes Shankle, 2007). Since the pharmaceutical companies want the safety and efficiency standards of the Food and Drug Administration to be high and avoid future drug related legal and medical disasters, which cause a bad reputation for the company, they strictly adhere to the rules and regulations (Abraham, 2002). In case the pharmaceutical companies interests tend to conflict with the public health, the government agencies role becomes very crucial. The more a pharmaceutical company influences the perception of the government agencies, the better it stands at lobbying such government agencies to act at their interests (Abraham, 2002). A number of FDA officials tend to work together with the companies in ensuring the FDA directives are not broken due and the drug companies have no queries whatsoever with such agencies. The reason for this act is because the FDA is a government agency that tends to be problematic towards adherence of the strictest health regulations of the pharmaceutical companies, and the majority of the FDA authorities started to work in the pharmaceutical company level as scientists and low-level employees. Most FDA employees would rather seek re-employment in the companies they worked for at higher career level (Abraham, 2002) because of the good monthly package and the more than appealing severance pay they get at retirement. In the American market, pharmaceutical companies have another important role to play. When it comes to the American elections, large multinational companies seek to support one candidate to become the president so that in future, they might be of help to the company. The pharmaceutical companies tend to offer their more than generous support in the political parties with more chances of winning the elections. This in turn will ensure there is a form of gratitude from the political parties and members of the congress in terms of amending certain health care bills in the companys favor thus lobbying the congress (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). Accountability is another role the pharmaceutical companies play in terms of politics. The pharmaceutical industries have an upper hand in gaining major political influence and support with regards to drug regulation (Abraham, 2002). These companies can be able to persuade the government and drug and health care related organizations that other parties interested in the manufacture of drugs and their consumption, like the consumer based industries, the medical and scientific society can have minimal or no rights at all in the access of the FDA regulatory process (Abraham, 2002). Domestic and international ethics Ethics can be defined as the moral beliefs that help an individual determine what is right or wrong (Daft, 2011). In work ethics, it would be wrong if one individual makes decisions based on their perception in a bid to gain at the expense of other stakeholders. An organization incorporating a self-regulating mechanism that monitors, guides and ensures compliance of the law is one that has been built on ethical and social grounds in relation to the business model of philosophy (Daft, 2011). Even though the pharmaceutical industry has made a tremendous progress in terms of research and the development of drugs that can treat malignant diseases like cancer, tension has emanated between the consumers and the company. Many feel that the pharmaceutical companies are not doing their social responsibility as expected. Human experimentation is an important advancement of scientific research. Clinical trials serve as a means of confirming the effectiveness of a drug as per the government health care agencies (Valverde, 2001). Even though these clinical trials are expensive, and have steep regulations to adhere to, they provide health care to the underprivileged communities. With the huge number of pharmaceutical trials being conducted, a growing number of Americans have reported that the experimental drugs have been problematic due to ethical issue, exploitation; globalization of clinical trials deems the only suitable solution. This has prompted the pharmaceutical companies to outsource from other nations especially the third world countries because of the level of ignorance, cost implications, and the fact that regulations in such nations are not as strict as those in America. According to current research, the majority of the clinical drugs tested in the developing nations forms the basic development and approval of the new patent drugs in the developed nations. These drugs are extremely expensive and it is only the citizens of wealthy nations who can access and enjoy the benefits of such health care (NBAC). Because clinical trial in other countries has become popular with pharmaceutical companies, worldwide health organizations have come together in a bid to secure the future of the participants taking part in the clinical trial and as well to protect their human rights. The United Nations and the World Health Organization are among the international human rights agencies that have steered the campaign (Lee, 2010). The goals of these organizations are to ensure the better protection of the trial participants health and human rights. The other goal of these organizations is to ensure that the pharmaceutical companies inform their participants about the risks and benefits that come about with the research on the new drug. The pharmaceutical company ought to inform the trial patients that as per the health care regulations, one ought to consider the health implications before venturing into such tasks, and it should be an individuals free will to participate in such research (Lee, 2010). Ecological and natural resources Pharmaceutical companies in a bid to conserve their environment, they have become very active and in the process, achieving very impressive results. One way is by enacting strict rules and regulations regarding the environmental conservation. Sustaining an ecological system in accordance to the plant and animal life becomes a stepping-stone in improving the environment (Berry RondJnelli, 2000). Even though the amounts of waste produced by pharmaceutical corporations are insignificant as compared to the other multinational corporations, they still play an important role in environmental stewardship (Berry RondJnelli, 2000). With an organizations growth, there comes the need to deal with certain environmental concerns including soil and water pollution. This helps in conserving the ecology from contamination and extinction. Global warming has caused so many problems because of pollution and as per the Environmental agencies directives, numerous pharmaceutical companies have introduce d new and clean manufacturing processes that reduce waste production and minimize the negative ecological impact. Taking a look into the pharmaceutical companies, they consist of other subsidiary businesses that are involved in manufacturing, processing and formulating the medicinal chemicals in pharmaceutical products that can be consumed readily. The process of converting the botanical products into powder form and the formulating them into capsules, suspension or ointments can be very risky to the environment. Another thing about pharmaceutical companies is that they tend to focus on two major areas of human research that is in vitro and in vivo (Berry RondJnelli, 2000). The pharmaceutical products that are produced include vaccines, human and animal blood derivatives, blood plasma, and the toxoids (Berry RondJnelli, 2000). The process of manufacturing such products in this sector of research tends to be dangerous because of the radioactive, biological and chemical wastes they produce, which have adverse environmental impacts (Berry RondJnelli, 2000). According to research carried out by t he multinational health care corporations, quite a number of these organizations have realized that their company facilities can cause environmental pollution and be detrimental to the safety and health of their primary stakeholders (Berry RondJnelli, 2000). An environment that has been polluted by commercial activities can lower the quality of life in such areas the organization is located and being a fortune five hundred company, they tend to suffer a lot of financial losses in the process. Adopting the Environmental Management Systems, EMS is the other way the pharmaceutical companies have taken an integral part in safeguarding the natural and ecological resources. These management systems comply with the International Organization for Standardizations (ISO) 14000 guide that advocates the reduction of waste products and the negative environmental degradation by a pharmaceutical company as a result of the processes related to manufacturing and production (Berry RondJnelli, 2000). The fundamental elements of an ISO 14000 Environmental Management Systems are; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To define the available public policies regarding management of the environment, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ An organizations well-defined assignment towards management of the environment, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Management programs addressing a business and its relation to the environment in the companys performance plans, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Process of reviewing the management in order to have a continuous environmental performance and improvement, and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Programs that ease the work of measuring, assessing auditing, and reporting the performance results of environmental management. Social issues As a result of creating awareness and improving the global standards, there was a need for the regulatory boards concerned with the pharmaceutical companies to come together and standardize the safety regulations and quality associated with consumers so as to provide safe and quality products efficiently (Castner, Hayes Shankle, 2007). Different nations came together under their various health care organizations to form standardized health care measures especially in addressing pharmaceutical companies and their role in production of drugs. The International Conference on Harmonization, ICH was a body created by several nations in order to represent the regulatory organizations and industries that deal with carrying out research (Castner, Hayes Shankle, 2007). The pharmaceutical companies while addressing the emerging global issues are trying to attempt their participation in the business industry by coming up with standards that ensure the safety of the product. The majority of these organizations are addressing incumbent social norms towards attaining a sustainable society. This boosts their trust among the society further in addition to being successful companies in the past (Castner, Hayes Shankle, 2007). Rating pharmaceutical companies relating to Social issues While rating the pharmaceutical companies, I think they are in a better position to achieve more in creating awareness and improving global standards. Numerous nations are ignorant about the new rules and regulations surrounding health care. Instead of pharmaceutical companies taking advantage of them like the way a majority of such companies are doing, they ought to educate them and make them conversant about the current societal activities and enlighten such communities about the guidelines of conducting clinical tests. Pharmaceutical companies should form partnerships with government agencies in the developing world to come up with strategies of involving them not only as lab rats but as important stakeholders in the process of developing medicinal drugs at the least environmental degradation. Pharmaceutical companies overall performance in accordance with the core values of Saint Leo University Saint Leo University is a Catholic University, and it upholds high levels of integrity in terms of achieving their core values and objectives. The pharmaceutical companies ought to emulate the values set aside in attainment of the stipulated code of ethics in the workplace. In my opinion, pharmaceutical companies have strived greatly in achieving the same core values like Saint Leo University. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Excellence: In terms of excellence, pharmaceutical companies have made a tremendous milestone in the discovery of drugs that can help in curing diseases especially the malignant diseases like cancer, and HIV and AIDS. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Community: Pharmaceutical companies have strived hard to ensure there is interdependence between the company and its stakeholders while progressing to making medical discoveries. They encourage the spirit of belonging among their staff members and the society. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Respect: By respecting the environment, the pharmaceutical companies have attained the admiration and trust by the society. In helping conserve the environment, the companies have helped to solve a huge menace to the society. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Responsible stewardship: Stewardship is the act of adopting something and owning it. The bid by pharmaceutical companies in owning their society and conserving it ensures they have maximum optimization of the available resources but at minimal environmental and resource depletion. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Integrity: Pharmaceutical companies have created trust and honesty among the company stakeholders and shareholders. Being transparent in the financial objectives has been a stepping stone in accomplishing its goals and responsibilities. Building company- societal trust ensures integrity too.

Correlation Between Mental Illness and Violence and Crime Essay

Literature Analysis and Research Proposal of the Correlation between Mental Illness and Violence and Crime Over the past few decades, many researches have strived to test and explain the correlation between violence and crime and mental illness. Moore and Hiday (2006) assert that up 22% of inmates has a mental illness, sometimes containing more mental illness patients than many psychiatric units. Due to these statistics it is evident how important it is to understand the causes of the correlations between crime and violence and mental disorders. This proposal wishes to explain and understand the possible correlation and the reasons for such correlation between mental health illnesses and violence and crime. Further research to test these theories of crime and mental disorders will also be presented. Crime can be described combination between both behavior and mental factors. This will prove incredibly crucial in the definition of crime in relation to mental illness. Many of those that commit crimes are not convicted due to their illness so it is important to note, for the purpose of this analysis, that all illegal activity is considered crime, regardless of conviction (Monahan and Steadman 1983). It is evident that those with mental illnesses have an increased likelihood of committing crimes. It is important to note, however, that not all people with mental illnesses commit crimes or violent behavior so a cause is not evident. Substance abuse, a mental disorder, is also seen as a large risk in violent behavior (Silver 2006). Hiday (1995) asks the questions of the direction of this correlation. Does mental illness lead to violence or is it vice versa? THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS Silver (2006) asserts the importance of using t... ...s.† Law and Human Behavior 30(6):659-674. Powell, Thomas A., John C. Holt and Karen M. Fondacaro. 1997. â€Å"The Prevalence of Mental Illness among Inmates in a Rural State.† Law and Human Behavior 21(4):427-438. Robbins, Pamela Clark, John Monahan and Eric Silver. 2003. â€Å"Mental Disorder, Violence, and Gender.† Law and Human Behavior 27(6):561-571. Silver, Eric. 2006. â€Å"Understanding the Relationship between Mental Disorder and Violence: The Need for a Criminological Perspective.† Law and Human Behavior 30(6):685-706. Silver, Eric and Brent Teasdale. 2005. â€Å"Mental Disorder and Violence: An Examination of Stressful Life Events and Impaired Social Support.† Social Problems 52(1):62-78. Walsh, Zach and David S. Kosson. 2007. â€Å"Psychopathy and Violent Crime: A Prospective Study of the Influence of Socioeconomic Status and Ethnicity.† Law and Human Behavior 31(2):209-229.

Ernest Hemingways The Old Man and the Sea Essay -- Essays Papers

Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea The Old Man and the Sea was written by Ernest Hemingway and published in 1952. This is a captivating fiction story about a man named Santiago and his adventure when one day, he goes on a fishing journey to catch the big one. However, this adventure quickly becomes one of pain and suffering when things take a turn for the worse. The Old Man and the Sea takes in place in Havana, Cuba and the fishing waters off the coast of Havana. The Spanish names, Santiago and Manolin, are typical in Cuba. Cuba is mostly Catholic so this accounted for Santiago's devotion to Jesus Christ. The year seems to be around the 1930's and 1940's because Santiago is a big fan of Joe DiMaggio who played during these years. In the 1930's and '40's, the city of Havana was booming with population and business. Seafood is one of the most popular foods in Havana so to meet the rising demand of fish, many young boys learned how to be fishermen as Manolin did. Santiago is a complex character who learns a lot through the course of this story. He is a very good, humble man and loves Manolin, his apprentice. Santiago is a poor man and is regarded as bad luck by others because he was not caught a single fish in 84 days. One cannot help feel sorry for him because he is very alone. His wife died and the book suggested that he never had any children. Yet he was humble and did not complain at all about his hard life. Santiago is a very persistant and determined character. He fought the huge marlin that he had caught for three agonizing days desopite feeling intense pain. He often had contradictory feelings and thoughts. One that I found strange was when he felt sorry for the marlin while he joyfully pondered how much money he would get for selling the fish. Mololin is Santiago's apprentice. Since he was a young child, Manolin has accompanied Santiago to learn how to fish. Santiago loves him very much because he sees him as the son he never had. However Manolin's parents stops him from going to Santiago because they think he is cursed and has bad luck. Santiago is an old fisherman and has been for most of his life. He used to have an apprentice named Manolin but his parents made stop because of the belief that he is bad luck for he hasn't caught a fish in eighty four days. One day he decided that he wasn't going home without catching a fish. So ... ...is telling its readers to look at the positive aspects of things, even if at first it seems like a tragedy. A personal example of this is when my family got our first cat. My mom was in subway on her way to work, she was already late. She was running to catch a train only to see the doors close right in her face. She got on the train worried on what her boss will say. She sat next to a very sad woman with a kitten in a cage. When asked what was wrong she said that she found a lost kitten and since her super doesn't allow cats in the apartment, she was going to the shelter to leave the kitten. My mother said she would keep the kitten and the woman gladly gave it to my mom. Hemmingway's novel goes to show that things aren't as bad as they first seem. The Old Man and the Sea also expresses humility. Santiago is a fairly poor man and often goes hungry, yet he never complains or protests. Santiago shows his humility many other times in the novel like when he was batting the marlin and he gashed his hand and received other severe wounds. Finally he never said a word of anger when he battled the sharks to save his fish but failed. Humility is a good attribute that many of us don't have.